在(zai)目(mu)前(qian)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)中,農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)仍在(zai)沿(yan)用原來的(de)(de)習慣方式,看(kan)莊稼(jia)看(kan)莊稼(jia),是(shi)(shi)年(nian)復一年(nian)不(bu)變(bian),導致我國(guo)糧食和經濟作物(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)停滯不(bu)前(qian),質(zhi)量(liang)連年(nian)下(xia)降,病蟲害嚴重,包(bao)括化肥(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)成(cheng)本、農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥成(cheng)本、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)機械成(cheng)本等(deng),農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)收入相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較低。人(ren)口(kou)增(zeng)加,土地(di)減少(shao),農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)成(cheng)本增(zeng)加。面(mian)對(dui)(dui)這些不(bu)利因素,我們(men)只能從(cong)土地(di)上尋求利益。而在(zai)目(mu)前(qian)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)中,農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)是(shi)(shi)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)弱者,換句話(hua)說(shuo),目(mu)前(qian)的(de)(de)發展潛力是(shi)(shi)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)技(ji)術(shu),所以推(tui)廣施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)技(ji)術(shu),對(dui)(dui)增(zeng)加農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收入,提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang),減少(shao)疾病流行和減少(shao)地(di)下(xia)水污染的(de)(de)程(cheng)度都有著不(bu)可替代的(de)(de)意義(yi)。
那么在現代農業生產中,如何實現測土和配方施肥呢?
首先(xian),我們需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)了解土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中的(de)營(ying)養物(wu)質。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)知道,植物(wu)的(de)必需(xu)營(ying)養物(wu)質有16種,其中碳、氫、氧主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)來自(zi)空氣和(he)水,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)由土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)提供。**類是氮、磷、鉀,它們在土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中相對較少(shao),被作(zuo)物(wu)吸收(shou)利用較多,被稱(cheng)(cheng)為塊狀元(yuan)素;第二類是土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中含(han)量比較高,作(zuo)物(wu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)較少(shao),如(ru)鈣、鎂、硫等(deng),稱(cheng)(cheng)為中等(deng)元(yuan)素;第三種是土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)含(han)量很小(xiao),作(zuo)物(wu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)很少(shao),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是銅(tong)、鐵、鋅、硼、鉬、錳,稱(cheng)(cheng)為微量元(yuan)素。日常(chang)施肥工作(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)以**類為主(zhu)(zhu),通過(guo)改善土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中的(de)氮、磷、鉀元(yuan)素,保證作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)健康生長,實現品質和(he)產量的(de)提高。
而使用土壤養分分析儀是再好不過的(de)了,該儀器能準確檢(jian)(jian)測包括土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中銨和肥(fei)料(liao)中的(de)氮、有效磷、鉀、有機質、pH值、鹽分等,很好地(di)彌補了農(nong)民(min)種植經驗的(de)不足,且檢(jian)(jian)測速度快,能給出(chu)合理的(de)施(shi)肥(fei)方(fang)(fang)案。可以說,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)養分分析(xi)儀在(zai)測土(tu)和配(pei)方(fang)(fang)施(shi)肥(fei)中的(de)應用,將使(shi)施(shi)肥(fei)更加有效合理,化肥(fei)資源的(de)利用率將大(da)大(da)提高,農(nong)業成本將大(da)大(da)降低。
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